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"Lost" Tips (351-400)


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####[ GNU/Linux One Stanza Tip (LOST) ]#######################

 

Sub : Tracking your reboots [#2] LOST #351

 

To know the history of your last few re-boot sequences, do:

# last reboot

 

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####[ Linux One Stanza Tip (LOST) ]###########################

 

Sub : Restrictive shell (bash -r) LOST #352

 

Want to restrict some user to his own directory ? Keep the

default shell to "bash -r" or "rbash", It behaves identical to

bash except that cd to / or other dirs, changing environment

and few other features are disabled. View "man bash" for rest.

 

####[bish (at) nde.vsnl.net.in]###############################

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####[ Linux One Stanza Tip (LOST) ]###########################

 

Sub : Keeping mails as unread under mutt LOST #353

 

Mutt flags all old mails to "O", once read. To avoid this "O"

flag, in .muttrc add 'set nomark_old'. For keeping them with

unread mails flag ("N") add 'set mark_old=no".

 

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####[ Linux One Stanza Tip (LOST) ]###########################

 

Sub : Bothered by spam ? LOST #354

 

Spamassassin tries to figure out heuristically if a message is

spam. It does this by applying many rules to the message, and

assigning each rule a score (positive OR negative) ... If the

score goes above a predefined number, it's flagged as spam and

you can do the rest. [Visit: ]http://www.spamassassin.org].

 

####[ajitabhpandey (at) users.sourceforge.net]################

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####[ Linux One Stanza Tip (LOST) ]###########################

 

Sub : Bothered by spam ? LOST #355

 

Tackle the spam problem with Exim and Spamassassin, How ?

http://marc.merlins.org/linux/exim/sa.html

http://dman.ddts.net/~dman/config_docs/index_.html

http://bogmog.sourceforge.net/document_sho....php3?doc_id=28

 

####[ragu (at) vsnl.com]######################################

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####[ GNU/Linux One Stanza Tip (LOST) ]#######################

 

Sub : Mounting USB storage devices LOST #356

 

USB mass storage devices are mounted as virtual scsi devices.

When you insert the drive into the USB port, it is normally

auto-detected at boot. Check with "dmesg" which may show some-

thing like "USB Mass Storage device as /dev/sda1". As root do:

# mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/{mountpoint}

 

####[vipul (at) linux-delhi.org]##############################

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####[ GNU/Linux One Stanza Tip (LOST) ]#######################

 

Sub : RAID and grub boot loader LOST #357

 

The first problem with GRUB is that it does not work well with

software raid. The second problem is that if you have mirrored

disks and the first disk fails, you end up with a non-bootable

system because the second disk does not contain a valid MBR !!

LILO, on the other hand, handles this correctly.

 

####[rajesh (at) symonds.net]#################################

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####[ GNU/Linux One Stanza Tip (LOST) ]#######################

 

Sub : Knowing contents of .tbz files LOST #358

 

Knowing the contents of a .tbz file is a one step process:

$tar -tyvf filename.tbz | less

A .tbz file is essentially a bzipped-tarball (.tar.bz) file.

 

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####[ GNU/Linux One Stanza Tip (LOST) ]#######################

 

Sub : Re-initialising X resources LOST #359

 

You can reload your X-resources explicitly without restarting

X. Changes to your .Xdefaults file will not take effect until

the next time you restart X ... To reload X-resources without

restarting X, do: $xrdb -load ~/.Xdefaults

 

####[akj (at) cyberspace.org]#################################

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####[ GNU/Linux One Stanza Tip (LOST) ]#######################

 

Sub : Resources for postgres LOST #360

 

http://www.greatbridge.com ( commercial support )

http://www.greatbridge.org ( latest open source projects )

http://www.postgreSQL.org ( official documentation )

 

####[deval (at) giaspn01.vsnl.net.in]#########################

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####[ GNU/Linux One Stanza Tip (LOST) ]#######################

 

Sub : Listing all files with SUID bit set LOST #361

 

To list all files with SUID bit set, as root do:

#find / -type f -perm +6000 -ls

Then to remove the suid bit of some (if needed) do:

#chmod -s </path/filename>

 

####[vivekachary (at) yahoo.com]##############################

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####[ GNU/Linux One Stanza Tip (LOST) ]#######################

 

Sub : Finding all files world-writeable LOST #362

 

To track all files that are world writable (and therefore may

be a security issue), as root do:

#find / -perm -2 ! -type l -ls

 

####[vivekachary (at) yahoo.com]##############################

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####[ GNU/Linux One Stanza Tip (LOST) ]#######################

 

Sub : Tracking files without owner/ group LOST #363

 

To list all files without an owner/ group (a security related

issue), as root do:

#find / -nouser -o -nogroup -ls

 

####[vivekachary (at) yahoo.com]##############################

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####[ GNU/Linux One Stanza Tip (LOST) ]#######################

 

Sub : Tracking files changed in last 24 hrs LOST #364

 

To track all files that have been modified in last 24 hours,

(a security related issue), as root do:

#find / -mtime 1 -o -ctime 1

 

####[vivekachary (at) yahoo.com]##############################

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####[ GNU/Linux One Stanza Tip (LOST) ]#######################

 

Sub : Worried regarding system intrusions ? LOST #365

 

There are various methods described in:

www.tldp.org/HOWTO/Security-Quickstart-HOWTO/intrusion.html

You may even consider installing an IDS like:

tripwire <http://www.tripwire.org> (or its replacement, AIDE).

Still further, you can get proactive and nail the cracker

http://www.sans.org/newlook/resources/IDFA...AQ/honeypot.htm

 

####[vivekachary (at) yahoo.com]##############################

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####[ GNU/Linux One Stanza Tip (LOST) ]#######################

 

Sub : Fingerprinted with nmap ? LOST #366

 

- Avoid getting fingerprinted by nmap:

http://www.linuxjournal.com/article.php?sid=4750>

http://packetstormsecurity.nl/linux/securi...indexdate.shtml

 

####[shyamk (at) eth.net]#####################################

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####[ GNU/Linux One Stanza Tip (LOST) ]#######################

 

Sub : A date prompt while on mutt LOST #367

 

#!/bin/bash

l=${LINES:-25}; c=${COLUMNS:-80}; c=$[$c-22]

( while :; do m="`date +%a %d %b [%T]`"

echo -ne "e7e[${l};${c}He[0me[1;33m $m e[0me8"; done) &

pid=$!; mutt $*; kill -9 "$pid"; echo -ne "e[0m"

 

####[ssiyer (at) cs.rice.edu]#################################

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####[ GNU/Linux One Stanza Tip (LOST) ]#######################

 

Sub : Date prompt with console programs LOST #368

 

#!/bin/bash

l=${LINES:-25}; c=${COLUMNS:-80}; c=$[$c-22]; R="joe" #change

( while :; do m="`date +%a %d %b [%T]`"

echo -ne "e7e[${l};${c}He[0me[1;32m $m e[0me8"; done) &

pid=$!; $R; kill -9 "$pid"; echo -ne "e[0m"

 

####[ssiyer (at) cs.rice.edu]#################################

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####[ GNU/Linux One Stanza Tip (LOST) ]#######################

 

Sub : Finding all executables in a dir LOST #369

 

#!/bin/sh

ls -l | grep "-x" | grep -v "dr" | less

 

####[bish (at) nde.vsnl.net.in]###############################

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####[ GNU/Linux One Stanza Tip (LOST) ]#######################

 

Sub : Making audio and mixed mode CDs LOST #370

 

To burn a mixed mode CD (e.g. a VCD), try cdrdao. Steps are:

a) cdrdao scanbus. [This outputs 3 numbers, N,N,N note them]

B) cdrdao copy --keep-image --device N,N,N

c) cdrdao write --device N,N,N <toc filename>

 

####[rajesh-shriram (at) gmx.net]#############################

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####[ GNU/Linux One Stanza Tip (LOST) ]#######################

 

Sub : Restoring a mysql dump file LOST #371

 

Taken a mysql dump file, and wondering how to restore the

dump ? Try: 'mysql -u root -p < yourdumpfile'

 

####[rarvind (at) users.sourceforge.net]######################

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####[ GNU/Linux One Stanza Tip (LOST) ]#######################

 

Sub : Executable in an rpm package LOST #372

 

Wondering how to run an application after rpm installation ?

rpm -qa | grep <package> ..... will get you the package name

rpm -ql <package-name> | less ... lists contents of package

Executables are usually installed under /bin, /sbin, /usr/bin,

/usr/sbin or /usr/local/bin.

 

####[vinu (at) cmcvellore.ac.in]##############################

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####[ GNU/Linux One Stanza Tip (LOST) ]#######################

 

Sub : Novell services under GNU/Linux (ncpfs) LOST #373

 

The ncpfs package contains utilities to interface NetWare to

Linux, such as to mount netware volumes, nprint (to print over

a NetWare print queue),pserver (which provides a NetWare print

queue) etc. See http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/IPX-HOWTO-12.html.

 

####[kumarayil (at) eth.net]##################################

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####[ GNU/Linux One Stanza Tip (LOST) ]#######################

 

Sub : Adding users (without home-dir/ password) LOST #374

 

To create an user account without a home dir or password, do:

#groupadd -g <GID> <groupname>

#useradd -u <UID> -g <GID> -d / -s /bin/sh <username>

[Where GID/ UID are unique, not in /etc/passwd or /etc/group]

 

####[bish (at) nde.vsnl.net.in]###############################

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####[ GNU/Linux One Stanza Tip (LOST) ]#######################

 

Sub : Let your GNU/Linux loyalty show LOST #375

 

Are you running (or are a part of) a Linux User Group? If it

be so, make it easy for others to link up with you. Register

your LUG at: http://lugww.counter.li.org and

http://www.linux.org/groups/bin/submit_group

 

####[fred (at) bytesforall.org]###############################

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####[ GNU/Linux One Stanza Tip (LOST) ]#######################

 

Sub : Switching consoles LOST #376

 

You can switch consoles by pressing the Alt-Left cursor and

Alt-Right cursor keys. Merry go-round on the Alt-Left/ Right

cursor keypad. An alternative to pressing Alt-Function key to

switch from one console to another.

 

####[ragu (at) vsnl.com]######################################

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####[ GNU/Linux One Stanza Tip (LOST) ]#######################

 

Sub : Aliases for DOS commands [#1] LOST #377

 

alias md="mkdir -p" # make directory

alias rd="rmdir -p" # remove directory

alias del='rm -i' # delete file

alias copy='cp -i' # copy

alias ren='mv' # move / rename

 

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####[ GNU/Linux One Stanza Tip (LOST) ]#######################

 

Sub : Aliases for DOS commands [#2] LOST #378

 

alias deltree="rm -rf" # delete directory

alias dir='ls -alF --color=auto' # list directory contents

alias win="startx" # start errr... windozz ;)

alias cls="echo -en "33c" # clear the screen

 

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####[ GNU/Linux One Stanza Tip (LOST) ]#######################

 

Sub : Aliases (safe practices) LOST #379

 

alias cp="cp -i"

alias mv="mv -i"

alias rm="rm -i"

# Caution, the next one deletes all backup files in $PWD...

alias clean='rm -fv *~ .???~ .*~ *.bak; sync'

 

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####[ GNU/Linux One Stanza Tip (LOST) ]#######################

 

Sub : Aliases (safe practices) [#2] LOST #380

 

You can put CDs into your CD tray and take them out without

fiddling with your hardware:

alias cd-out='eject'

alias cd-in='eject -t' # Note: not all CD devices support -t

 

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####[ GNU/Linux One Stanza Tip (LOST) ]#######################

 

Sub : Aliases (tolerating common errors) LOST #381

 

alias cd..="cd .." # Forgive the user, a typos

alias cd-p="cd -" # return last working directory

alias unmount='echo "Error: Try the command: umount"'

 

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####[ GNU/Linux One Stanza Tip (LOST) ]#######################

 

Sub : Auto-starting apps under X LOST #382

 

xload -g 50x50-100+0 -bw 0 & # You can start your

Eterm -g 80x24+500+500 & # favourite apps through

xv -root -max -quit lighthouse.jpg & # .xinitrc as shown here

blackbox # before calling the WM

 

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####[ GNU/Linux One Stanza Tip (LOST) ]#######################

 

Sub : Knoppix: A CD based distro LOST #383

 

Knoppix (http://www.knopper.net/knoppix/index-en.html) is a

full featured linux distro which runs off a bootable CD and

does not need to be installed on a hard disk because of its

on-the-fly decompression.Possible applications include rescue

rescue system, educational CDs, package/ linux demo etc.

 

####[ajitabhpandey (at) users.sourceforge.net]################

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####[ GNU/Linux One Stanza Tip (LOST) ]#######################

 

Sub : tomsrtbt: A floppy based rescue system LOST #384

 

tomsrtbt [http://www.toms.net/rb/] is "The most GNU/ Linux on

one floppy disk" for rescue recovery panic/ emergencies tools.

It has as much stuff as possible on 1 floppy disk to keep it

self contained, and behave like a mini-normal system.

 

####[mallet (at) efn.org]#####################################

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####[ GNU/Linux One Stanza Tip (LOST) ]#######################

 

Sub : Linux Networking Commands LOST #385

 

A handy reference guide to all Linux commands related with

networking. Each command includes a precise description.

Visit: [http://rak.isternet.sk/linux-netman/commands.html]

 

####[ajitabhpandey (at) users.sourceforge.net]################

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####[ GNU/Linux One Stanza Tip (LOST) ]#######################

 

Sub : Dwindling /var under debian LOST #386

 

If you use apt-get to download a lot of software, your /var

will soon be fully utilised, unless you keep on clearing the

downloads. Do apt-get clean on a periodic basis to clear the

download cache.

 

####[dileep (at) symonds.net]#################################

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####[ GNU/Linux One Stanza Tip (LOST) ]#######################

 

Sub : A personal http daemon (monkey) LOST #387

 

There is a tiny feature-loaded web server ( inclusive of php &

cgi-bin support), which can be installed and run from your own

home directory. No need bothering the sysadmin for testing cgi

scripts again :-) Visit: http://monkeyd.sourceforge.net

 

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####[ GNU/Linux One Stanza Tip (LOST) ]#######################

 

Sub : Simple console calculator (#2) LOST #388

 

#!/usr/bin/perl # A command line calc-

# Usage is : $ calc "(2 + 3) * 4" # ulator in perl. Save

print eval(join('', (at) ARGV)) . "n"; # as "calc" & chmo

 

####[ajitabhpandey (at) users.sourceforge.net]################

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####[ GNU/Linux One Stanza Tip (LOST) ]#######################

 

Sub : Starting favourite apps when starting X LOST #389

 

To start your favourite apps the moment you start X, add it to

your .xinitrc, before firing the window manager as shown:

 

Eterm -x -O -g 80x24+500+50 --scrollbar off --menubar off &

xv -root -max -quit /usr/share/Eterm/pix/lighthouse.jpg

fvwm2

 

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####[ GNU/Linux One Stanza Tip (LOST) ]#######################

 

Sub : Sys-admining resource (debian-centric) LOST #390

 

http://www.aboutdebian.com has a lot of helpful documentation

covering numerous sys-admining topics ranging from basics to

admining networking, various servers and firewalls ... Please

note that much of the information is generic.

 

####[ajitabhpandey (at) yahoo.com]############################

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####[ GNU/Linux One Stanza Tip (LOST) ]#######################

 

Sub : Displaying your tty, date & time at login LOST #391

 

To have a display of the tty you are about to log into, with

optional display of date/time, add following to '/etc/issue'

(after removing the quotation marks):

 

"Welcome to your_computer_name on l [d t]"

 

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####[ GNU/Linux One Stanza Tip (LOST) ]#######################

 

Sub : How to find a bad parent process? LOST #392

 

Thread parent-child processes in a hierarchy, so that you can

easily identify a bad/zombie parent to kill: 'ps -efH | less'

 

####[ragu (at) vsnl.com]######################################

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####[ GNU/Linux One Stanza Tip (LOST) ]#######################

 

Sub : Executables-only ls LOST #393

 

To have an ls of only executable files within a directory, add

this line to your /etc/profile or .bash_profile/:

alias lsx='ls -F | grep * | less'

Type "lsx" at the shell prompt ... and viola ...

 

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####[ GNU/Linux One Stanza Tip (LOST) ]#######################

 

Sub : Preventing user logins (during maintenance) LOST #394

 

To prevent user logins during system maintenance, just create

the file /etc/nologin with an appropriate message e.g. "Under

maintenance, try after 21:30". Turn off ftpd and sshd. Do NOT

forget to do 'rm -f /etc/nologin' after maintenance is over.

 

####[bish (at) nde.vsnl.net.in]###############################

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####[ GNU/Linux One Stanza Tip (LOST) ]#######################

 

Sub : re-naming file extensions (ren) LOST #395

 

#!/bin/bash

if ! [ $2 ]; then echo "Usage: ren [extn1] [extn2]"; exit; fi

for FNAME in *$1; do

echo -en "renaming:t $FNAME t -> t ${FNAME%$1}$2n"

#mv $FNAME ${FNAME%$1}$2" # Remove leading comment

done

 

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####[ GNU/Linux One Stanza Tip (LOST) ]#######################

 

Sub : Lesser used commands (write) LOST #396

 

To send messages to folk logged in on your intranet, use write

command.First find out who all are logged in with 'who'. Then:

$write username

Type your message and press Ctrl-D. Message will appear on the

recepient user's terminal/ xterm.

 

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####[ GNU/Linux One Stanza Tip (LOST) ]#######################

 

Sub : Single word spelling check using ispell LOST #397

 

#!/bin/sh

if ! [ $1 ]; then echo "Usage: chk-spl [word]"; exit; fi

echo $1 > /tmp/chk-spl.$$; ispell /tmp/chk-spl.$$

rm -f /tmp/chk-spl.$$; exit

 

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####[ GNU/Linux One Stanza Tip (LOST) ]#######################

 

Sub : How to make apt-getable deb packages ? LOST #398

 

Install the `apt-utils' package, `apt-ftparchive' helps create

Package and other index files.

 

man apt-ftparchive, man apt-sortpkgs, man apt-extracttemplates

 

####[ragu (at) vsnl.com]######################################

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####[ GNU/Linux One Stanza Tip (LOST) ]#######################

 

Sub : Editing a file while viewing with more LOST #399

 

To edit a file while viewing with more (viz. $more textfile),

typing in "v" in between puts you in edit mode with vi at the

current line. Viewing with more resumes after exiting vi. See

"man more"

 

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####[ GNU/Linux One Stanza Tip (LOST) ]#######################

 

Sub : Chat clients under emacs LOST #400

 

Some chat clients integrate seamlessly with Emacs environment.

erc (http://sourceforge.net/projects/erc/) and ZenIRC (http://

www.zenirc.org) are both suitable ... You need to do an 'M-x

zenirc' or 'M-x erc-select' once inside emacs after you pop up

the relevant elisp script in the load path (viz. zenirc.el or

erc.el).

 

####[ragu (at) vsnl.com]######################################

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